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Furthermore, with the V-Ray Material you can apply different texture maps, control the reflections and refractions, add bump and displacement maps, force direct GI calculations, and choose the BRDF for how light interacts with the surface material.

For examples of the different parameters' examples, see the Classic V-Ray Material page.

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Diffuse

Color – The diffuse color of the material. Note: the actual diffuse color of the surface also depends on the reflection and refraction colors.

Diffuse Roughness – Used to simulate rough surfaces or surfaces covered with dust (for example, skin, or the surface of the Moon). 

Opacity

Color — Controls the transparency of the material, where white is opaque , and black is fully transparent.

Self-illumination

Color –  The self-illumination color of the material.

Self-Illumination Affects GI – When enabled, the self-illumination affects global illumination rays and allows the surface to cast light on nearby objects. Note, however, that it may be more efficient to use area lights or Light Rectangle Lights or the Light node for this effect. 

Compensate Camera Exposure – When enabled, the intensity of the Self-Illumination will be is adjusted to compensate the exposure correction from the VRayPhysicalCamera Physical Camera.

BRDF Type – Determines the type of BRDF (the shape of the highlight). 

GGX – GGX Microfacet highlighthighlights/reflections. Specular highlights have a bright center with a longer falloff.
Phong – Phong highlighthighlights/reflections. Specular highlights have a bright center with no falloff.
Blinn – Blinn highlighthighlights/reflections. Specular highlights have a bright center with a tight falloff.
Ward – Ward highlighthighlights/reflections. Specular  SpecularF highlights have a bright center with a falloff broader than Blinn, but tighter than Microfacet GTR (GGX).

Color – Specifies the reflection color of the material. Note that the reflection color dims the diffuse surface color. 

 Glossiness –  Controls the sharpness of reflections. A value of 1.0 means perfect mirror-like reflection; lower values produce blurry or glossy reflections. Use the Reflection Subdivs parameter below to control the quality of glossy reflections.

 GGX Tail Falloff – Controls the transition from highlighted areas to non-highlighted areas when the BRDF Type is set to GGX.

Metalness – Controls the reflection model of the material from dielectric (metalness 0.0) to metallic (metalness 1.0). Note that intermediate values between 0.0 and 1.0 do not correspond to any physical material. This parameter can be used with PBR setups coming from other applications. The reflection color should typically be set to white for real world materials.

GTR Energy Compensation – Compensates GTR lost energy and an accurate Fresnel formula for conductors is used for metals. This option is enabled by default for all newly created materials and is hidden from the UI. It is also hidden for Cinema 4D S24 and older versions, where it is forcefully enabled. It is visible in all other older scenes.

Use Roughness –  This option controls how Glossiness is interpreted. When Use Roughness is selected, the Glossiness inverse value is used. For example, if Glossiness  is set to 1.0 and Use Roughness is selected, this will result results in diffuse shading. Conversely, if Glossiness is set to 0.0 and Use Roughness is selected, this will result results in sharp reflection highlights. 

Fresnel

Fresnel Reflections — When enabled, makes the reflection strength dependent on the viewing angle of the surface. Some materials in nature (glass etc) reflect light in this manner. Note that the Fresnel effect depends on the index Index of refraction Refraction as well. S

Lock Fresnel IOR – Allows the user to unlock the Fresnel IOR parameter for finer control over the reflections.

Fresnel IOR –  The Index of reflection Refraction to use when calculating Fresnel reflections. Normally, this is locked to the Refraction IOR parameter, but you can unlock it for finer control.

Anisotropy

Anisotropy (-1..1) –  Determines the shape of the highlight. A value of 0.0 means isotropic highlights. Negative and positive values simulate "brushed" surfaces. 

Anisotropy Rotation – Determines the orientation of the anisotropic effect in a float value between 0.0 and 1.0 (where 0.0 is 0 degrees and 1.0 is 360 degrees). 

UV Vectors Derivation – Specifies the method for deriving anisotropy axes:

Local object axis – Uses a local axis for the anisotropy effect. 
Specified UVW generator – Allows the user to assign a UVW Generator for the anisotropy effect.UV Space –

Anisotropy Axis – Specifies a local object axis for the anisotropy effect when UV Vectors Derivation is set to Local object axis.

Thin Film

Enable Thin Film – Enables the Thin Film parameter.

Thickness Min (nm) – Determines the minimum thickness of the thin film in nanometers. If no Thickness Blend is applied, only this value is used for the thickness of the thin film.

Thickness Max (nm) – Determines the maximum thickness of the thin film in nanometers. This option is only available when Thickness Blend is applied.

Thickness Blend – Allows a map to be attached that blends the thickness values. If no map is applied, only the Min Thickness value the Thickness Min (nm) value is used to determine thickness.

Thin Film IOR – Specifies the reflective index of the thin film. A texture can be attached to this slot.

Texture – Specifies a texture file to be used for the Thin Film IOR.

Mix Strength – Specifies the blend amount for the texture file.

Reflection Advanced

Trace Reflections – Check Select this option checkbox to enable reflections for the material.

Max Depth – The number of times a ray can be reflected. Scenes with lots of reflective and refractive surfaces may require higher values to look correct.

Enable Dim Distance – Allows you to stop tracing reflection rays after a certain distance.

Dim Distance – Specifies a distance, after which the reflection rays will are not be traced.

Dim Fall-off – A fall off radius for the dim distance.

Reflect on Back Side – When disabled, V-Ray calculates reflections for the front side of objects only. Checking it makes V-Ray calculate the reflections for the back sides of objects too.

Soften – Softens the edge of the BRDF at light/shadow transitions.

Affect Channels – Specifies which channels are affected by the reflectivity of the material.

Color Only – The reflectivity will affect affects only the RGB channel of the final render.
Color+alpha – Causes the material to transmit the alpha of the reflected objects, instead of displaying an opaque alpha.
All channels – All channels and render elements will be are affected by the reflectivity of the material.

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Coat Color – Determines the color of the coat layer's color.

Coat Amount – Specifies the blending weight of the coat layer. A value of 0 does not add a coat layer, while higher values blend the coat gradually. S

Coat Glossiness – Controls the sharpness of reflection. A value of 1.0 means perfect glass-like reflection; lower values produce blurry or glossy reflections. If Reflection Use Roughness is usedenabled, this parameter works as Coat Roughness.

Coat IOR – Specifies the Index of Refraction for the coat layer.

Bump

Coat Bump Lock – When enabled, it prioritizes the base bump map during rendering over the coat bump map. You can use it to temporarily hide the coat bump.

Coat Bump Map – Specifies the bump/normal map used as a coat bump.

Coat Bump Amount – A multiplier for the coat bump effect.

Coat Bump Type – Allows the user to specify whether a bump map or a normal map effect is added.

Bump Map
Normal map Map in tangent spaceTangent Space
Normal map Map in object spaceObject Space
Normal map Map in screen spaceScreen Space
Normal map Map in world spaceWorld Space
From texture bump outputTexture Bump Output
Explicit Normal

Refraction Glossiness – Controls the sharpness of refractions. A value of 1.0 means perfect glass-like refraction; lower values produce blurry or glossy refractions. 

Refraction IOR –  Index of refraction Refraction for the material, which describes the way light bends when crossing the material surface. A value of 1.0 means the light will does not change direction. 

Affect Shadows – This parameter causes the material to cast transparent shadows to create a simple caustic effect dependent on the refraction color and the fog color. For accurate caustic calculations, disable this parameter and instead enable Causticsenable Caustics. Simultaneous usage of both Caustics and Affects Shadows can be used for artistic purposes but does not produce a physically correct result.

Refract Thin Walled – When enabled, the Fog Scattering mode is set to SSS. It simulates thin translucent surfaces such as soap bubble, leaves, curtains, etc. The SSS color Color defines the backside color, while the SSS amount Amount controls the translucency effect.

Translucency

Translucency Type – Selects the algorithm for calculating translucency (also called sub-surface scattering). Note that refraction must be enabled for this effect to be visible.

None – When selected, the only available parameters are the Fog colorColor and Fog depthDepth. Together with the Refraction colorthe Refraction Color, they determine the attenuation of light as it passes through the material. In this mode, there is no subsurface scattering.
Volumetric – Works together with the Refraction color to Color to scatter light inside the object. It is useful for liquids and other highly transparent materials. The Refraction color and Refraction glossiness determine respectively Color and Refraction Glossiness determine, respectively, how much of the object's interior of the object is visible and how rays interact with the object’s surface.
SSS – Works independently of the Refraction colorColor/Glossiness and is useful for skin, wax, marble and other relatively opaque materials.

None

Fog colorColor – The attenuation of light as it passes through the material. This option helps simulate the fact that thick objects look less transparent than thin objects. Note that the effect of the fog color depends on the absolute size of the objects and is therefore scene-dependent. 

Depth (cm) – Controls the strength of the fog effect. Higher values reduce the effect of the fog, making the material more transparent. Smaller values increase the fog effect, making the material more opaque.

Volumetric

SSS amountAmount – Blends between full scattering and pure refraction.

Scatter color Color – Controls the scattering. This parameter can be mapped with a texture.

Fog colorColor – Controls the absorption of the material. This parameter can be mapped with a texture.

Depth (cm) – Controls the strength of the fog effect. Higher values reduce the effect of the fog, making the material more transparent. Smaller values increase the fog effect, making the material more opaque.

SSS

SSS amountAmount – Blends between the diffuse color of the material and the SSS effect by reducing the diffuse component of the material and replacing it with the sub-surface scattering effect.

SSS colorColor – Determines the overall surface appearance. This parameter  A texture node can be mapped with a textureconnected.

Scatter radiusRadius – Controls how far each of the red/green/components travels inside the volume. This parameter  A texture node can be mapped with a textureconnected.

Scale (cm) – Controls the strength of the SSS effect.

Refraction Advanced

Trace Refractions – Enables refractions for the current material.

Max Depth – The number of times a ray can be refracted. Scenes with lots of refractive and reflective surfaces may require higher values to look correct.

Affect Alpha – Allows the user to specify which channels are going to be affected by the transparency of the material.

Color Only – The transparency affects only the RGB channel of the final render.
Color+alpha – This will cause causes the material to transmit the alpha of the refracted objects, instead of displaying an opaque alpha. 
All channels – All channels and render elements are affected by the transparency of the material.

Enable Dispersion –  Enables the calculation of true light wavelength dispersion. 

Aberration – Allows the user to increase or decrease the dispersion effect. Lowering it widens the dispersion and vice versa.

Sheen Glossiness – Controls the sharpness of reflections. A value of 1.0 means that all of the light reaches the diffuse color, and when the value is smaller, the cloth material looks glossier.

Bump Amount – A multiplier for the bump map effect.

Bump Type – Determines how the Map Bump Map parameter is interpreted.

Bump mapBump Map – Applies the map as a bump map.
Normal map Map in tangent spaceTangent Space – Applies the map as a normal map in tangent space.
Normal map Map in object spaceObject Space – Applies the map as a normal map in object space.
Normal map Map in screen spaceScreen Space – Applies the map as a normal map in screen/camera space.
Normal map Map in world spaceWorld Space – Applies the map as a normal map in world space.
From texture bump outputTexture Bump Output – The map is applied as determined by map type itself.
Explicit normalNormal – Applies the map as an explicit normal.

MATERIAL ID

Material Id Enabled – Enables the use of Material ID.

Material ID – The color used by the Material ID render element. You can also use a shader here.

Multimatte ID – The integer ID of the material to be used by the Multi Matte render element.

ROUND EDGES

Round Edges Enabled – Enables the round edges effect which uses bump mapping to smooth out the edges of the geometry during render time.

Radius – Specify a radius (in world units) for the Round Edges effect. Since the actual geometry is not being changed and only the normals of the faces are affected, large values may produce undesirable effects.

Consider Same Object Only – When enabled, the rounded corners are produced only along edges that belong to the object, which has the attribute applied. When disabled, rounded corners are also produced along edges formed when the object with the attribute intersects other objects in the scene.

Corners – Choose which edges are considered in the calculation. Possible options are:

Covex and Concave – Considers all edges.
Convex Only – Only applies Round Edges effect to edges with convex angles.
Concave Only – Only applies Round Edges effect to edges with concave angles.

Cutoff – A threshold, below which reflections/refractions are not

traced. V-Ray tries to estimate the contribution of reflections/refractions to the image, and if it is below this threshold, these effects are not computed. Do not set this to 0.0, as it may cause excessively long render times in some cases.

Double-sided – When enabled, V-Ray calculates separately the shading for the back faces of surfaces with this material. When disabled, the back faces are shaded the same as the front faces.

Fix Dark Edges –  When enabled, fixes dark edges that some times appear on objects with glossy materials.

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