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Use Camera scene environment – Controls the override of the global illumination from the camera. When Enabled, the color/map below this control will be used as override. When Disabled, the override will be disabled.

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Use Camera scene environment override is available starting from Corona 12.

Direct Override – Controls override of the environment map visible directly from the camera.
Reflect Override – Controls override of the environment map visible in reflections.
Refract Override – Controls override of the environment map visible in refractions.
Global Volume Override - Enables global volume override for this camera.

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Environment Override Examples

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The below examples come from a single scene:

A camera using a forest HDRI as the scene environment with a reflection override enabled so that there are no tree reflections in the water: 


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Another camera using a daylight HDRI as the scene environment and an evening HDRI as the reflection override:  


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Photographic parameters


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A camera with a sky HDRI applied as a direct override. Only what is seen through the camera is affected.


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A camera with a sky HDRI applied as a refract override. Only the environment seen through transparent surfaces like glass is affected.


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A camera using a light fog volume applied via the global volume override, creating a soft atmospheric effect.


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Photographic Parameters

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Sensor and lens

Field of view – Horizontal perspective FOV in degrees.

Focal l. mm – The distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus.

Film width mm. – Affects the amount of the depth of field effect. Increasing this value increases the depth of field effect size. This is useful for matching other parameters and output to various real-world cameras. Typical values are 36mm for a full-frame digital SLR and 25.1mm for an APS-C digital SLR.

Zoom factor – Zooms in the view without changing the Filed of View or Focal Length. Higher zoom values result in a stronger Depth of Field. This is useful when matching real-world

Sensor and lens

Field of view – Horizontal perspective FOV in degrees.

Focal l. mm – The distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus.

Film width mm. – Affects the amount of the depth of field effect. Increasing this value increases the depth of field effect size. This is useful for matching other parameters and output to various real-world cameras. Typical values are 36mm for a full-frame digital SLR and 25.1mm for an APS-C digital SLR.

Zoom factor – Zooms in the view without changing the Filed of View or Focal Length. Higher zoom values result in a stronger Depth of Field. This is useful when matching real-world camera footage.

ISO – Affects image exposure when photographic exposure is turned on. Increasing this value increases exposure and vice versa. Standard values used in photography are: 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200.

F-stop – Affects the depth of field effect and image exposure (when using photographic exposure). Decreasing this value increases the exposure and the depth of field effect amount, and vice versa. Standard values used in photography are: 0.7, 1, 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32.

Shutter

Shutter speed – Affects the image exposure (when using photographic exposure) and length of the motion blur effect. The input value is reciprocal to the result, so to set the shutter speed to 1/125 s, input 125. Longer exposure times increase exposure and motion blur length, and vice versa. Standard values used in photography are: 1, 1/2, 1/8, 1/15, 1/25, 1/30, 1/50, 1/60, 1/125, 1/150, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000.

Shutter angle – A different way to express the shutter speed, using the movie camera convention of rotary disc shutter angle. The value is an angle out of 360-degree range, for which the shutter stays open. This means that for example, a value of 180 degrees means the shutter is open for half a frame (which is 1/50 s for 25 fps).

Mblur duration – A different way to express the shutter speed, using multiples of the current frame rate (fps). For example, a value of 0.5 means the shutter is open for half a frame (which is 1/50 s for 25 fps).

Shutter offset – Offsets the time interval from which the motion blur effect is generated. The value is defined in frames, with 0 meaning that the center of the interval is exactly in the current frame, -1 meaning that the entire interval happens just before the current frame, and 1 meaning the entire interval happens just after the current frame.

Object visibility

Enable include/exclude list – If enabled, only nodes specified by include/exclude list are visible when rendering using the selected camera.

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Photographic Parameters - Examples

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Depth of field can be easily toggled on and off from the Corona Camera’s UI, and the focus can be set by picking any object in the scene using the Override focus > Object option. The selected object’s pivot will be used to determine the position of the focus point. This is especially useful if the focus should be locked on a moving object during animation.

Motion Blur

Camera – Enables the motion blur due to camera movements. For a complete motion blur solution, you need to enable geometry motion blur as well.

Geometry – Enables motion blur due to the movement of scene geometry. For a complete motion blur solution, you need to enable camera motion blur as well.

Shutter Curve –Allows to control Motion Blur by using a shutter curve.

Edit – Opens Corona Curve Editor.

For more information please check Camera Motion Blur Shutter Curve.

Depth of Field

Enable – Enables DOF effect.

Override focus – By default, the camera always focuses on its target distance. This override lets you specify another focusing method - either a distance separate from the target distance or focusing on another object pivot.

Value – Defines the focus target distance.

Object – Helper node, position of which specifies the focal plane of the camera. Useful to keep the camera focused on the given object.

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Starting from Corona 12 Update 1, the Depth of Field (DOF) indicator in the viewport was introduced to help visualize a camera's focus range before rendering. It displays near and far planes around the focus point, representing the in-focus area; objects between these planes will appear sharp, while those outside will blur based on the F-Stop setting.

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Motion Blur Shutter Curve Examples

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ISO

The ISO value affects the overall image exposure.

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F-stop

The f-stop value affects the overall image exposure and the strength of the depth of field effect.

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Shutter speed

The shutter speed value affects the overall image exposure and the strength of the motion blur effect. 

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DOF & Motion Blur

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Depth of field can be easily toggled on and off from the Corona Camera’s UI, and the focus can be set by picking any object in the scene using the Override focus > Object option. The selected object’s pivot will be used to determine the position of the focus point. This is especially useful if the focus should be locked on a moving object during animation.

Motion Blur

Camera – Enables the motion blur due to camera movements. For a complete motion blur solution, you need to enable geometry motion blur as well.

Geometry – Enables motion blur due to the movement of scene geometry. For a complete motion blur solution, you need to enable camera motion blur as well.

Shutter Curve –Allows to control Motion Blur by using a shutter curve.

Edit – Opens Corona Curve Editor.

For more information please check Camera Motion Blur Shutter Curve.

Depth of Field

Enable – Enables DOF effect.

Override focus – By default, the camera always focuses on its target distance. This override lets you specify another focusing method - either a distance separate from the target distance or focusing on another object pivot.

Value – Defines the focus target distance.

Object – Helper node, position of which specifies the focal plane of the camera. Useful to keep the camera focused on the given object.

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Starting from Corona 12 Update 1, the Depth of Field (DOF) indicator in the viewport was introduced to help visualize a camera's focus range before rendering. It displays near and far planes around the focus point, representing the in-focus area; objects between these planes will appear sharp, while those outside will blur based on the F-Stop setting.

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Motion Blur Shutter Curve Examples

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Bokeh

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Aperture Shape

Override – Overrides the global Corona Render Settings related to DOF Bokeh with local camera values.

Circular – Sets the aperture shape that influences the out-of-focus blur called bokeh to the circular aperture.

Bladed – A polygonal aperture with a given number of sides (blades).

Blade count – Number of blades used for the DOF effect shape.

Rotation – Rotation offset of the DOF bokeh shape.

Custom – A custom aperture shape defined by a text map.

Affect exposure – The custom aperture may let through less or more light that a circular aperture. When this option is enabled, the exposure is adjusted accordingly; when disabled, the exposure stays unaffected by the aperture shape.

Advanced Effects

Center bias – Biases the lens transparent either towards the center or the edge of the aperture. Positive values created a ring effect; negative values create a sparkle effect.

Vignetting –Simulates the 'Cat eye' effect. typically prevalent on wide-angle lenses. Affects both the bokeh shape and the exposure (vignetting) near the image corners.

Anisotropy – Affects the aspects ration of the bokeh. If greater than 0, the bokeh is stretched horizontally, if lower than 0, the bokeh is stretched vertically.

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Bokeh - Examples

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Aperture Shape

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Center Bias

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Vignetting

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Anisotropy

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Bokeh

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Aperture Shape

Override – Overrides the global Corona Render Settings related to DOF Bokeh with local camera values.

Circular – Sets the aperture shape that influences the out-of-focus blur called bokeh to the circular aperture.

Bladed – A polygonal aperture with a given number of sides (blades).

Blade count – Number of blades used for the DOF effect shape.

Rotation – Rotation offset of the DOF bokeh shape.

Custom – A custom aperture shape defined by a text map.

Affect exposure – The custom aperture may let through less or more light that a circular aperture. When this option is enabled, the exposure is adjusted accordingly; when disabled, the exposure stays unaffected by the aperture shape.

Advanced Effects

Center bias – Biases the lens transparent either towards the center or the edge of the aperture. Positive values created a ring effect; negative values create a sparkle effect.

Vignetting –Simulates the 'Cat eye' effect. typically prevalent on wide-angle lenses. Affects both the bokeh shape and the exposure (vignetting) near the image corners.

Anisotropy – Affects the aspects ration of the bokeh. If greater than 0, the bokeh is stretched horizontally, if lower than 0, the bokeh is stretched vertically.

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Tilt & Shift

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Automatic vertical tilt – Automatically sets the Vertical Tilt parameter to keep vertical lines straight and unaffected by perspective when the camera is looking up or down.

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To learn more about using the Camera Physical Size, see: New Volume Resolving in Corona 10 at the Chaos Help Center

e.g. an image that shows both above water and under water parts of the scene), you must set the physical size in such a way that a box of this size centered in the camera origin overlaps the boundary of the medium (e.g. the surface of the water). This imaginary box can also be seen as an objects with a slicer material that removes the part of the medium surrounding the camera.


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Camera clipping

Enable – Enables camera clipping - only objects between the minimum and maximum distance are visible when looking through the camera both in the viewport and in rendering.

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This applies just to direct visibility rays - it does not affect GI and reflections.

Show in viewport – Shows the clipping frame in the viewport.

Near – Only surfaces beyond this distance are visible through the camera.

Far – Only surfaces closer than this distance are visible through the camera

Environment Ranges

Show in viewport – Shows the environment range in the viewport.

Near/Far – Controls the eds Max Environment range. This is used for example by the 3ds Max native Fog effect and to set Z-Depth to render element range.

Camera physical size

Show in viewport – shows camera phisical size in viewport.

Size – Determines the physical size of the camera lenses. With the default value of 0, the camera will always either be competely inside a medium or competely outside of it. In order to render image which is partly in a medium and partly outside of it (e.g. an image that shows both above water and under water parts of the scene), you must set the physical size in such a way that a box of this size centered in the camera origin overlaps the boundary of the medium (e.g. the surface of the water). This imaginary box can also be seen as an objects with a slicer material that removes the part of the medium surrounding the camera.

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To learn more about using the Camera Physical Size, see: New Volume Resolving in Corona 10 at the Chaos Help Center.

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Overrides

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Use Camera scene environment – Enables the global environment map override when rendering from this camera. 

Direct Override – Enables the direct environment map override when rendering from this camera. 

Reflect Override – Enables the reflect environment map override when rendering from this camera. 

Refract Override – Enables the refract environment map override when rendering from this camera. 

Global Volume Override – Enable global volume override for this camera.

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The following renders are from exactly the same scene. The volume is made from a simple water plane with displacement and surrounding walls.

 

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The camera is below the water surface:

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The camera is placed on the water surface:

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  • You can select both the Camera and its Target at the same time by clicking on the connecting line;
  • You can see the Camera clipping planes in the viewport;
  • You can easily resize the Camera’s viewport icon using the Icon size option under the Viewport display rollout;
  • The camera's viewport icon changes according to the currently used VR mode (spherical, cylindrical, etc.);

  • Interactive Rendering - as opposed to the native cameras, Interactive Rendering will not restart when changing the tone mapping parameters of a Corona Camera.

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Exposure, Tone Mapping, Postprocessing

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The Corona VFB offers Save and Load options, which can be used to save and load tone mapping and post-processing settings using the special CONF file format. Starting from Corona Renderer 4, those settings can be freely exchanged between the Corona VFB and the Corona Camera. This allows, for example, for:

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  • Defining the look of the image using the Post tab of the Corona VFB, and then moving those settings to a Corona Camera.
  • Creating various post-processing presets, which can be then loaded into different Corona Cameras and the Corona VFB.
  • Setting up multiple Corona Cameras with different post-processing settings, and then loading those settings from one of them into the VFB.
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The Corona VFB's Post tab features various tone mapping and post-processing options, and the possibility to save and load them. 

After clicking the Save button, you can save your custom preset as a CONF file. 

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You can then load the CONF file into a Corona Camera (and vice versa).

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If the CONF file is loaded into the Corona Camera, and the Override checkboxes are enabled in that Corona Camera (to override the VFB settings), you will see that our custom post-processing preset is now used for the rendered image. So first we set up our desired post-processing in the VFB, then we saved them as a CONF file, and then loaded that CONF file into the Corona Camera.

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If you render a non-camera view (in this case a free perspective view), only the settings available in the VFB Post tab are considered. Once you render from the Corona Camera again, the CONF settings loaded in that Corona Camera will be used again.

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