The VRayUserColor texture can be used to read User-Defined object properties from the currently shaded node and convert them to a color value. This allows you to use the same shading network on several different objects in the scene, but to control various aspects of the material through User-Defined properties. This texture also has the ability to read mesh color sets, UV sets, and extra channel information from VRayProxy File Formats objects, as well as additional data channels from other plugins like Yeti.
The Example on the right uses a VRayUserColor node to control the diffuse value on a single V-Ray Material. The four different pieces of the shader ball have a VRayUserAttributethat dictates different values.
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UI Path: ||Hypershade|| > Create panel > VRay section > Utilities > VRay User Color