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This render element is enabled through the Render Elements tab of the Render Setup window in 3ds Max and displays its parameters in a rollout at the bottom of the window:

VRayVFB – When enabled, the render elements appear in the V-Ray Frame Buffer (VFB).

Deep output – Specifies whether to include this render element in deep images.

Denoising engine – Allows choosing between the Default V-Ray denoiser, the NVIDIA AI denoiser, or Intel Open Image Denoise. See the denoising engine examples below. Note that, the NVIDIA AI denoiser requires an NVIDIA GPU.

Preset – When using the Default V-Ray denoiser, use the presets to automatically set the Strength and Radius values.

Default – Applies a mid-level denoising.
Mild – Applies a more subtle level of denoising than the Default preset.
Strong – Applies a stronger level of denoising than the Default preset.
Custom – Allows the Strength and Radius parameters to be set to custom values.

Strength – Determines how strong the denoising operation is. Larger values remove noise more aggressively, but may blur the image too much.

Radius – Specifies the area around each pixel to be sampled for determining how to denoise a given pixel. Larger values produce smoother results, but slow down the denoiser.

Panorama – When enabled, V-Ray considers whether the image is rendered with a spherical panorama camera with FOV of 360 degrees. This prevents visible seams caused by the denoising process.

Denoise alpha – Enabled by default. When disabled, the Аlpha channel remains undenoised.

Temporal mode – Only available with the NVIDIA AI denoiser. When enabled, the Denoiser uses information from previous frames to create a smoother transition. Useful for rendering animation.

NVidia AI upscale – When enabled, the rendered image is internally calculated with half the resolution set in the render setup (in each dimension), and the denoised image is upscaled to the full resolution using NVIDIA's AI upscaling technology. NVIDIA's AI upscaling technology represents an advanced method based on machine learning which provides better and more detailed results when compared to a standard image interpolation. For example, a 3840x2160 resolution renders the image internally in 1920x1080 and the AI upscaling denoiser produces the final 3840x2160 image from the lower resolution render.

Update – Reapplies the denoising operation when the required render elements are already present in the VFB. The elements can be either generated from a render operation in 3ds Max, or by loading a multi-channel .vrimg or OpenEXR into the VFB. Use this button to apply denoising again after settings in this rollout have been changed.