This page provides information on the Smoke color rollout the Rendering Volumetric Options dialog.
Overview
This rollout controls the Diffuse color of the Volumetric Shader. The Smoke Color can be a uniform color, a mixture of colors dragged by the simulation (RGB), a function of any physical channel, or sampled from a texture. It is also affected by lights and shadows cast by objects in the scene.
In the volume shader, there are two types of content - diffuse and emissive. For simplicity we call the diffuse content 'Smoke' and the emissive content 'Fire', though the volume shader is flexible enough that you can render a simulation's fire as smoke and a simulation's smoke as fire.
Diffuse needs external light in order to become visible, and also casts shadows. Emissive on the other hand is visible even without being lit by lights, ignores their illumination and does not cast shadows on itself. In addition, Phoenix has different tools that help you gain more control over how fire illuminates the smoke and the scene - see the Create Fire Lights section.
Both smoke and fire have their own color and alpha (alpha is a synonym for opacity, and transparency is the opposite of opacity).
Fire color and alpha, smoke color and smoke alpha can each be mapped to a physical grid channel, coming from the simulation. Color gradients are used to remap a physical channel to render color, and the diagrams (also called ramps or curves) are used to remap a physical channel to render opacity or intensity.
Also, each of them can be mapped to a texture, or to a grid channel multiplied by a texture. Textures have infinite resolution and can increase the detail above the resolution of the grid; By default textures are static in space, but using TexUVW they can move together with the fluid.
When there are both diffuse and emissive (smoke and fire) in the same voxel, there are 3 ways to determine the resulting color and alpha in that voxel - see the Fire Opacity Mode option.
The diffuse color needs external light to become visible. When using a 3ds Max omni light, it should have Shadows and Atmosphere Shadows enabled, as well as Ray Traced Shadows (if rendering with the default Scanline renderer) or VRayShadow (if rendering with V-Ray). V-Ray lights will work with their default settings.
Parameters
Based on | darg – Specifies the source channel that will be used to determine the smoke color. By default, a uniform simple color set by the Constant Color option is used. This could also be a texture map, or read from the cache files - in that case the corresponding grid channel must be enabled from the Output rollout before the simulation is run.
- Disabled - the smoke color will not be rendered.
- Temperature - the smoke color will be based on the values of the Temperature cache channel and can be remapped using the color gradient.
- Smoke - the smoke color will be based on the values of the Smoke cache channel and can be remapped using the color gradient.
- Speed - the smoke color will be based on the values of the Speed cache channel and can be remapped using the color gradient. See the Smoke Color by Speed example below.
- Texture - the smoke color will be based on the values of a texture map plugged into the Texture slot.
- Constant Color - the smoke color will be the same for the entire volume and will be taken from the Constant Color box.
- RGB - the smoke will be based on the values of the RGB channel.
- Fuel - the smoke will be based on the values of the Fuel channel and can be remapped using the color gradient.
? – Opens the help documents.
Texture | dtxt – If Based on is set to Texture, this slot specifies which texture to use. For more information on texture mapping in Phoenix, please check the Texture mapping, moving textures with fire/smoke/liquid, and TexUVW page.
Modulate | mod_d – When Based on is not set to Texture, the color is multiplied by the texture in the Texture slot.
Reset to Defaults – Resets the settings to their default values.
Constant color | simple_color – If Based on is set to Constant color, this color is used to uniformly color the smoke.
Scattering | noscatter – Controls how the light rays are scattered inside the volume.
Ray-traced (GI only) – Enables physically accurate scattering of light rays. This mode produces the most realistic results but it's the slowest to render. It requires V-Ray with enabled Global Illumination, otherwise the rendered result would be the same as if the option is Disabled. The Diffuse Multiplier does not affect the rendering in this mode. Use this mode when you want to render bright clouds.
Disabled – Disables scattering. The Diffuse Multiplier value can be used to correct the brightness because without light scattering the volume would generally render darker.
Approximate – Uses an approximate formula which is faster than Ray-Traced scattering and produces good-looking results. Brighter areas of the volume would transfer light farther than dark areas. This option is not supported by the Volumetric Geometry render mode.
Approximate+Shadows – Same as Approximate, but also affects the strength of shadows over the scene geometry. This option is not supported by the Volumetric Geometry render mode.
Volume Light Cache | lightcache – Enables light caching for each voxel of the grid, which speeds up bucket rendering considerably when the voxel size of the grid is significantly larger than the rendering pixel. If the grid resolution is large enough compared to the rendering resolution, disabling this option will speed up rendering.
- This option refers to the internal Phoenix FD Light Cache, which is not related to the V-Ray Light Cache.
- When using V-Ray Progressive Rendering, this option might slow down rendering startup or the overall render speed.
- This feature might produce artifacts when the smoke is very dense.
- This feature might produce artifacts when objects cast shadows through the smoke.
- Rendering multiple copies or instances of the simulator node with this option turned on might lead to slow-downs.
- This option will consume additional memory, so beware of high RAM usage when rendering very large cache files or a large number of copied or instanced volumes.
- When rendering in Volumetric Geometry mode, for any of these Render Elements: [ Shadows ], [ Raw Shadows ], [ Global Illumination ], [ Raw Global Illumination ], the Volume Light Cache will require additional memory to produce the correct result. Please be aware that these Render Elements (and most other V-Ray Render Elements except for [ Atmosphere ] and [ Self-Illumination ]) do not work in Volumetric mode.
- This option is ignored when using V-Ray GPU. It is a CPU-only feature that helps speed up Bucket rendering.
Light Cache Speedup | subred – [V-Ray specific] [Valid only when Volume Light Cache is enabled] The higher this option is set, the faster the rendering will be, but the lower the quality of the Volume Light Cache. You can increase this parameter and gain render speed as long as you don't start getting dark cubic grid artifacts on the smoke.
Diffuse Multiplier | difmul – A general multiplier for the diffuse color. It is ignored when the Scattering mode is set to Ray-traced (GI only).
Own Light Scatter Mult | transfown – [Valid only when Scattering is set to Approximate or Approximate+Shadows] This multiplier determines how far the light travels through the volumetric, based on the distance from the emissive light itself.
External Light Scatter Mult | transfext – [Valid only when Scattering is set to Approximate or Approximate+Shadows] This multiplier determines how far the light from all external light sources travels through the volumetric. Both Scatter Boost parameters don't alter the visual density of the smoke to the camera, and only apply to the illumination.
Shadow Strength | shad_strength – A multiplier for the opacity of the shadow that the volumetric casts on other objects.
Color gradient | dcolorx_t, dcolory_t, dcolorx_s, dcolory_s, dcolorx_v, dcolory_v, dcolorx_f, dcolory_f – When the Based on option is set to a grid channel, this color gradient remaps grid simulation data to render smoke color. The sim data channel is laid out horizontally along the X axis in the color gradient.
The channel data range is highlighted in the curve with a light-blue range. You can find out more about Phoenix Grid Channel Ranges here.
You can use the following controls in the color gradient:
Double click – Creates a new point or changes an existing one.
Left button drag over a point – Moves the point. If several points were selected beforehand, they will move the same amount.
Left button drag over several points – Selects several points.
Middle button drag over the background – Drags the visible area.
Mouse wheel – Zooms in/out.
Right click – Displays a drop-down menu where you can add a point, edit or delete a selected point, and fit the entire gradient into the view. If multiple points are selected, they can be edited simultaneously.
Backspace – Deletes the selected points.
Example: Smoke Color Based on Speed
The Smoke Color can be based on any channel present in the cache files. The Speed channel can be used to drive the color of the smoke. It is automatically generated by Phoenix based on the Velocity Grid Channel. In this example, the slowly moving smoke is blue while the fast moving smoke is red to yellow.
